Show Your IP Address
# Show all interfaces (modern)
ip addr show
# Show a specific interface
ip addr show eth0
# Legacy (may require net-tools)
ifconfig
ifconfig eth0
Show Routing Table
ip route show
# or
route -n
DNS Lookup
# Simple lookup
nslookup example.com
# Detailed lookup with dig
dig example.com
dig example.com MX
dig example.com TXT
dig +short example.com
dig @8.8.8.8 example.com # Query specific DNS server
# Reverse lookup
dig -x 8.8.8.8
Ping
ping example.com
ping -c 4 example.com # Send 4 packets
ping -i 0.5 example.com # 0.5s interval
ping6 2001:4860:4860::8888 # IPv6 ping
Traceroute
traceroute example.com
traceroute -n example.com # Don't resolve hostnames
traceroute6 example.com # IPv6
Open Connections & Ports
# Show listening ports
ss -tlnp
netstat -tlnp
# Show all connections
ss -anp
netstat -anp
# Check if a port is open
nc -zv example.com 80
nc -zv example.com 443
SSH
# Basic connection
ssh user@hostname
# Specify port
ssh -p 2222 user@hostname
# Key-based authentication
ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa user@hostname
# Copy files
scp file.txt user@hostname:/remote/path
scp -r folder/ user@hostname:/remote/path
# Generate SSH key pair
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "[email protected]"
ssh-copy-id user@hostname
Firewall (iptables / ufw)
# UFW (Ubuntu/Debian)
ufw status
ufw allow 80/tcp
ufw allow 443/tcp
ufw deny 22/tcp
ufw enable
# iptables
iptables -L -v -n
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT
curl & wget
# Get your public IP
curl ifconfig.me
curl https://ipmonkey.co.uk/api/ip
# Download a file
wget https://example.com/file.zip
curl -O https://example.com/file.zip
# Follow redirects, show headers
curl -Li https://example.com
# POST request
curl -X POST -d 'key=value' https://api.example.com/endpoint
Show Your IP Address
# All interfaces
ifconfig
# Specific interface (Wi-Fi = en0, Ethernet = en1)
ifconfig en0
# External/public IP
curl ifconfig.me
curl https://ipmonkey.co.uk/api/ip
DNS Lookup
nslookup example.com
dig example.com
dig example.com MX
dig +short example.com
# macOS-specific DNS query
dscacheutil -q host -a name example.com
# Flush DNS cache (macOS Monterey+)
sudo dscacheutil -flushcache; sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder
Ping & Network Test
ping example.com
ping -c 4 example.com
ping6 example.com
# Bandwidth test
networkQuality # macOS Monterey+
Traceroute
traceroute example.com
traceroute6 example.com
Open Connections & Ports
# Listening ports
netstat -an | grep LISTEN
lsof -i -P | grep LISTEN
# Check a specific port
nc -zv example.com 443
SSH (same as Linux)
ssh user@hostname
ssh -p 2222 user@hostname
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "[email protected]"
# macOS Keychain integration
ssh-add --apple-use-keychain ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
Network Diagnostics
# macOS Network Diagnostics
/System/Library/CoreServices/Network\ Diagnostics.app/Contents/MacOS/Network\ Diagnostics
# Airport (Wi-Fi) info
/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Apple80211.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/airport -I
# ARP table
arp -a
Show Your IP Address
rem Command Prompt / PowerShell
ipconfig
ipconfig /all
rem Show just IPv4
ipconfig | findstr "IPv4"
rem External IP (PowerShell)
(Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://ipmonkey.co.uk/api/ip").Content
DNS Lookup
nslookup example.com
nslookup -type=MX example.com
nslookup -type=TXT example.com
rem PowerShell
Resolve-DnsName example.com
Resolve-DnsName example.com -Type MX
Flush DNS Cache
ipconfig /flushdns
ipconfig /registerdns
Ping
ping example.com
ping -n 10 example.com rem 10 packets
ping -t example.com rem continuous (Ctrl+C to stop)
ping -6 example.com rem IPv6
Traceroute
tracert example.com
tracert -d example.com rem No hostname resolution
Open Connections & Ports
netstat -an
netstat -ano rem Show process IDs
netstat -b rem Show executables (run as admin)
rem Check if port is open (PowerShell)
Test-NetConnection -ComputerName example.com -Port 443
SSH (Windows 10+)
rem OpenSSH is built in to Windows 10/11
ssh user@hostname
ssh -p 2222 user@hostname
ssh-keygen -t ed25519
Useful Network Commands
rem ARP table
arp -a
rem Route table
route print
rem Renew DHCP
ipconfig /release
ipconfig /renew
rem Network reset (run as admin)
netsh int ip reset
netsh winsock reset
PowerShell Networking
rem Get all network adapters
Get-NetAdapter
rem Get IP configuration
Get-NetIPAddress
rem Test connectivity
Test-Connection example.com -Count 4
rem Download a file
Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "https://example.com/file.zip" -OutFile "file.zip"